Layam - Classical Music Mridangam

Chapter4

Layam: Layam already exists even before tala manifested. So, Layam is primordial in nature. How do we understand this? See this Universe and understand the layam, is the answer. One cannot understand "layam" simply by studying in a University. We have to study in the 'City of this Universe' to understand layam. Explore the subtle nature of this universe beyond our five senses and realize layam. Layam is invisible, yet by visible signs that it shows when it attains material plane, one can appreciate the concept. It is just like atoms giving rise to molecules and molecules giving rise to an object or any material form.

See the Sun Rise and Sun set; See the Sea Waves which are guided by a subtle force that drives them in the universe in a particular rhythm. This rhythmic subtle force is layam. The subtle rhythm is regular, having a repetitive nature. In the same way a subtle rhythmic force that drives and manifests itself into a material form that gives Music is called Layam.

Layam is nothing but a unified dynamic force in a particular rhythm. Here rhythm means Universal rhythm of nature and not merely sound. Any thing that is unified and concentrated to establish equilibrium is known as Layam. For example, we say temple as "Aalayam" (in Tamil). Why? At temple the subtle body (Mind and Atma) concentrates on a particular place. The oneness of mind and atma in that place is Layam here. So, Atma+Layam become "Alayam".

In the same way music has a subtle body that is harmonious in nature. This harmony is needed to produce music. This harmony is layam. So, without layam there is no music. Sruthi is mother, Layam is father and Tala is Guru, without which there is no music.

Tempo or Speed of music is determined by layam. It can be 3 kinds.

1. Chavukka Kaalam or Vilamba Kaalam (Slow)

2. Madhima kaalam (Medium) (Double that of Chavuka kaala).

3. Dhuritha Kaalam (fast) (Double that of Madhima kaala).